Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance |  | Author: Atul Gawande
Publisher: Metropolitan Books
Category: Book
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Rating:  106 reviews
Sales Rank: 79,018
Media: Hardcover
Edition: 1st
Pages: 288
Number Of Items: 1
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Dimensions (in): 8.4 x 5.7 x 1
ISBN: 0805082115
Dewey Decimal Number: 616
EAN: 9780805082111
ASIN: 0805082115
Publication Date: April 3, 2007
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Product Description
The New York Times bestselling author of Complications examines, in riveting accounts of medical failure and triumph, how success is achieved in a complex and risk-filled profession The struggle to perform well is universal: each one of us faces fatigue, limited resources, and imperfect abilities in whatever we do. But nowhere is this drive to do better more important than in medicine, where lives are on the line with every decision. In his new book, Atul Gawande explores how doctors strive to close the gap between best intentions and best performance in the face of obstacles that sometimes seem insurmountable.
Gawande's gripping stories of diligence, ingenuity, and what it means to do right by people take us to battlefield surgical tents in Iraq, to labor and delivery rooms in Boston, to a polio outbreak in India, and to malpractice courtrooms around the country. He discusses the ethical dilemmas of doctors' participation in lethal injections, examines the influence of money on modern medicine, and recounts the astoundingly contentious history of hand washing. And as in all his writing, Gawande gives us an inside look at his own life as a practicing surgeon, offering a searingly honest firsthand account of work in a field where mistakes are both unavoidable and unthinkable.
At once unflinching and compassionate, Better is an exhilarating journey narrated by "arguably the best nonfiction doctor-writer around" (Salon). Gawande's investigation into medical professionals and how they progress from merely good to great provides rare insight into the elements of success, illuminating every area of human endeavor.
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Showing reviews 1-5 of 106
 Difficult problems are ... difficult April 7, 2007
Stephen R. Laniel (Cambridge, MA USA)
156 out of 163 found this review helpful
First, as a quick proxy of how good it is, and as a way of enticing busy readers, I should note that I finished Atal Gawande's book Better: A Surgeon's Notes On Performance in less than four hours. I can't remember the last time that happened. True, it's a relatively short book, and I had some uninterrupted time on a bus. But mostly it's that Gawande is a straightforward, energetic, thoughtful writer whose essays relentlessly pull you forward. Each discusses one or two ideas in enough depth to make you realize that they're not easy problems -- which is all most people need, and which does a world of good on its own. Every country has its unquestioned assumptions; it's the rare writer who helps us question them and gently remind us that if there were easy solutions, we'd have found them by now. Gawande is good at that.
The most moving and thought-provoking of these essays, to me, was "The Doctors of the Death Chamber," in which Gawande interviews four doctors (whom he labels "A," "B," "C" and -- wait for it -- "D," in order to secure their anonymity) who help states carry out the death penalty humanely. The use of "humanely" here is questionable; it's humane in the sense that, if we are to use the death penalty, we must not be needlessly cruel at the time of the criminal's death. But it's inhumane in the larger sense that we are furthering a corrupt system -- we are "tinker[ing] with the machinery of death," to use Justice Blackmun's words. Since a doctor's role is to protect human lives, are anaesthesiologists who help execute people painlessly violating their roles? To put it more succinctly: should a doctor make the best of the machinery of death, or should he take no part in the machine? The American Medical Association has its answer and its role. Democratically elected governments have their own. It's Gawande's job to teach us that easy answers don't exist for complicated problems like this.
One reason it's so easy to come up with easy answers for questions like this is that we rarely come face to face with the system we critique. Gawande does the legwork for us. He's at his best, in this regard, when he interviews a medical-malpractice attorney, a doctor, and the family of a dead patient involved in one malpractice case. We're all inclined to boo at the malpractice attorney . . . right up to the moment we feel we've been wronged, when that attorney is the man we want on our side. Gawande knows that this is how we work, so he takes some time to look at a case when doctors failed other doctors: Gawande's friend Bill Franklin found that doctors had failed to treat a tumor on Franklin's son that they should have noticed years before -- that someone had actually singled out on an X-ray for further study. This is the test case where ethics hits the road: when it's your own son, and you're a doctor, and you're well aware of the expenses of medical malpractice, what do you do? After trying other routes, Franklin did what so many others do: he sued and won. (Along the way Franklin helped establish a precedent in the Massachusetts Supreme Court, in the case of Franklin v. Massachusetts General Hospital et al., affecting the statute of limitations on malpractice cases. Seems worth reading.)
Better contains lots of great little insights into the medical profession -- for instance, how difficult it is to get doctors and nurses to wash their hands as often as is safe for patients, or the awkwardness of a male doctor palpating a naked female patient. Throughout it all, Gawande's organizing principle is to lay out for us the system in which doctors work, the limitations they operate under, and how they make the best within those limitations.
I'm less inclined than I used to be to believe that Gawande has an agenda, but I do think that a slightly different arrangement of the chapters within Better would have sent a different message. Had the chapter on malpractice come at the end of the book, after we've read about Gawande's own mistakes and about sloppy handwashing, we'd be less sympathetic toward doctors. In "The Score," which I've mentioned before, Gawande tells us that C-sections are vital in a world where doctors can't be expected to be very talented; in "The Bell Curve," he reveals that not all cystic-fibrosis clinics are the same, and that the medical industry was reluctant for years to release data on how well individual clinics performed. With these insights in mind, malpractice would seem to the reader to be completely justified. As it is, the malpractice article is tucked into the middle of the book; Better ends with a story about heroically performing surgery in poor rural India, and with a few pieces of advice to newly-minted doctors. It's a hopeful ending. I can't decide whether this arrangement was deliberately obfuscating. Nor does Gawande spend much time explaining whether malpractice makes doctors better.
He's fair throughout, however, and his point is that doctors' work is hard. Understanding precisely why it's hard, and what they do to get their jobs done under trying conditions, is Better's job, and it succeeds admirably. It's a great, thought-provoking, fun read.
An Intriguing Work by a Top-Notch Medical Writer April 15, 2007
Dr. Jonathan Dolhenty (Port Orford, OR United States)
50 out of 52 found this review helpful
Atul Gawande is a general surgeon at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and -- from everything I've heard and read about him recently -- one of the best of the new breed of medical writers who devote their prose to informing the general public about important concerns in the world of medicine. If this new book, "Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance," is a representative example of his usual writing talent, I will completely agree with the above assessment. This collection of original and previously published essays is highly readable and very interesting. Normally, I am not all that interested in reading about medical topics unless it impacts me personally. I'm not a great fan of hospitals nor am I enthusiastic about going to a physician. Fortunately, for most of my life I have enjoyed relatively excellent health. My attitude, however, changed five years ago and Gawande's book takes on some genuine relevance for me. How so and why?
In a section of his book, entitled "The Mop-Up," Gawande discusses polio and the campaign to wipe it out in Asia wherein he was a momentary observer in the field in 2003. Way back in ancient history, when I was a mere child in the 1940s and America was hit with a polio epidemic, I was diagnosed with polio and almost died. Hence the relevance here for me. But more than that, I am convinced to this day that I was "saved" because of the efforts of a nurse -- I'm sure she was one of Gawande's "positive deviants" which he describes in his book -- who insisted on treating me and others with a controversial treatment (opposed by most of the medical "establishment" at the time) called "The Sister Kenny Method." She never lost a patient, by the way; we all recovered without any significant aftereffects that I know of.
Fortunately, from that time in the 1940s I never needed to be hospitalized again. That is, until 2002. Then I had a heart attack and was forced into a hospital for an angioplasty and had to take note of medical matters, including the state of medical care in this country." So, whereas before that latter year I could ignore books of the type that Gawande writes, I now have a profound interest in all things medical. Even more so since my second heart attack and angioplasty in 2006. (I even subscribe to daily updates via e-mail about medical topics!) I am now very concerned about "better" when it comes to medical care and policy.
Gawande divides his book into three significant sections: Diligence, Doing Right, and Ingenuity. He says that "Diligence" is "the necessity of giving sufficient attention to detail to avoid error and prevail against obstacles." The section "Doing Right" considers topics such as "how much doctors should be paid, and what we owe patients when we make mistakes." Important as these sections are, the final section, "Ingenuity," is of even greater importance in my opinion. Ingenuity, he says, "demands more than anything a willingness to recognize failure" and "arises from deliberate, even obsessive, reflection on failure and a constant searching for new solutions." Amen to that!
Furthermore, Gawande quite realistically concludes: "Betterment is a perpetual labor. The world is chaotic, disorganized, and vexing, and medicine is nowhere spared that reality. To complicate matters, we in medicine are also only human ourselves. ...Yet...to live as a doctor is to live so that one's life is bound up in others' and in science and in the messy, complicated connection between the two. It is to live a life of responsibility. The question...is not whether one accepts the responsibility. Just by doing this work one has. The question is, having accepted the responsibility, how one does such work well." Well said, that. Couldn't agree more.
One of the more politically relevant issues (at least for me) that Gawande discusses is the matter of medical practitioners' involvement in executions. In his essay, "The Doctors of the Death Chamber," he says that "We [doctors and nurses] must do our best to choose intelligently and wisely," and then notes that "Sometimes, however, we will be wrong -- as I think the doctors and nurses are who have used their privileged skills to make possible 876 deaths by lethal injection thus far." I cannot understand how a physician -- "First, do no harm" -- could even contemplate participating in the killing of another human being, even if officially sanctioned. Gawande addresses this issue in what I think is a sensible manner. But the debate on this issue is current, lively and will continue for some time.
I do, however, wish that Gawande had spent more time discussing the future of health care in America as regards the delivery of medical services to all its citizens. He briefly touches on this matter, but not in detail. From my perspective, HMOs are definitely not the solution (they are part of the current problem!) and government-managed health care (socialized medicine) is even less desirable. I mean, the government, in my opinion, cannot even provide a decent public education for our children; how can we expect it to provide decent health care? I have considered a number of proposals, all of them wanting in some way or other. I'd like to see Gawande tackle this problem in a detailed way from a physician's perspective. Maybe another book?
Moreover, regarding the above, it is disturbing to read what one American medical reviewer recently stated: "We spend 50 percent more per capita on health care than any other country, for a total of $2 trillion a year, yet our health system, according to the World Health Organization, ranks 37th worldwide. ...By any measure -- longevity, infant mortality, burden of disease -- we sit in the basement of the industrialized world." For a country that can spend trillions of dollars to wage war and promote "regime changes" throughout the world, that statement is embarrassing and hard to fathom.
All in all, "Better" is a good read and extremely informative. It is full of interesting anecdotes, as well as confronting, if only briefly, some of the major issues in the practice of medicine today such as the influence of money in the healthcare system, the problem of malpractice lawsuits, and medical practice under the tensions of the military battlefield, as well as more mundane issues which are often ignored such as the simple act of hand washing or how nakedness impacts the examination room. Since I have had my own experiences lately with the medical establishment, I can now relate to at least some of the topics that Gawande discusses. Therefore -- and since there is no medical experience like a really personal one -- I highly recommend this book to all readers. I guarantee you'll learn a lot, you'll enjoy the fine writing, and you'll have some thinking to do about the state of medical care in America.
An insider's perspective which can help you be a more informed patient May 20, 2007
K. Corn (Indianapolis,, IN United States)
33 out of 33 found this review helpful
I'm always on the side of self-education when it comes to medical topics, especially in light of the current health care system and its looming problems. Gawande's skill is in writing movingly ab out all sorts of medical issues, including both failures and successes, in a way that illuminates the complexities of practicing medicine in today's world of HMOs, soaring premiums and more.
Some of his essays may appeal more to you than others but I urge you to read the entire book, as well as to get his other one, Complications. I've read medical memoirs that put me to sleep and have been baffled by how someone could take life and death situations and turn them into dry writing. This isn't the case here and you'll come away from the book with a stronger understanding of all the factors (and possible solutions) that make up the world of medicine, medical ethics and patient care today.
An excellent book about how to get better at anything August 18, 2007
Walter H. Bock (Charlotte NC)
13 out of 13 found this review helpful
This book will be a great read for you if you're interested in the practice of medicine and how it could be done better. You'll love it if you simply enjoy lucid writing about the practice of medicine.
But this book also offers you great lessons if you want to understand how science and performance management come together as they should in business or any other field of endeavor. That's because the author sets out to answer a question that is as important for people in business as it is for people in medicine.
What does it take to be good at something when it is so easy not to be?
Gawande ways that most people, especially physicians, think that success in medicine comes from canny diagnosis, technical prowess and the ability to empathize. They think that progress in medicine comes from scientific breakthroughs and sophisticated equipment and procedures.
The reality, though, is quote different. Improved performance, according to Gawande, comes from
Diligence
Doing Right
Ingenuity
Again and again Gawande demonstrates how concentrating on patients and on performance leads to improvement for both individuals and for medical practice in general. He does this with a mix of historical examples, patient stories, statistics and stories from his own life and practice.
He divides the book into three sections corresponding to his three necessities for improvement.
In the section on Diligence the chapters are on washing hands, dealing with polio in India, and dealing with casualties from the Iraq war. The chapter on military medicine and the concentration on process improvement is worth the price of the book if you're in business. One of the most powerful lessons of this book is that process improvements can lead to dramatic improvements in performance.
The section on Doing Right deals with ethical issues that physicians face. The chapters are on medical malpractice, whether and how physicians should be involved in executions, when a physician should fight to keep a patient alive, and the problems and dilemmas of how the business side of medicine affects how medicine is practiced.
The central messages of this section are that "Choices must be made. No choice will always be right. There are ways to make our choices better." How to learn about making better choices is the subject of the third and final section of the book.
In Ingenuity or "thinking anew," Gawande covers measuring the comparative effectiveness of physicians and medical centers, relative and absolute measures of performance, the practice of obstetrics as a model of change, and how physicians in less developed countries get by without the technology and facilities that are characteristic of US medicine.
This section is about how to do better. You can sum it up this way: there is a bell curve in almost all human activities with huge variations in performance between the best and those in the middle of the pack. Measuring results is the way to get results that matter.
This book is about the practice of medicine but it's also about getting better at whatever it is that you do. Gawande's message is that "better is possible." It requires diligence and moral clarity, the willingness to try and measure outcomes, and the discipline to change what you do based on the results you get.
Atul Gawande is a national treasure April 30, 2007
Joe Minnock (Utah)
8 out of 8 found this review helpful
What impresses me most about Atul Gawande is his ability to maintain an open mind on most issues. For instance, in this work, he examines the medical malpractice issue and rather than accepting one view or another on this controversial issue, he examines the topic from a unique angle--physicians who have themselves had to sue other physicians for malpractice. He takes the same view to a broad range of topics, from the varying success rates for cystic fibrosis treatment to physician's role in state mandated execution to treatment of wounded in Iraq. He takes each issue and approaches from a thought provoking angle.
This work also should be read as a management book because he suggests that in medicine as in any other walk of life, some acheive success using what is believed to be the same methods as others, but in reality the success is due to "positive deviation," small improvements which result in greater results.
I loved his first work, Complications, and this is certainly its equal.
Showing reviews 1-5 of 106
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